Book Excerpt #1: Theory

“Prior to delving into a discussion on how Black men are socialized, it is important that we first possess an understanding of theories surrounding identity formation, social categorization, and the notion of self-esteem. As previously stated, social identity is described as “the individual’s knowledge that he/she belongs to certain social groups…” (Hogg & Abrams, 1990: 2). Hogg’s social identity theory was introduced into the field of sociology as a means to distinguish between processes of interpersonal relations and intergroup relations. Essentially, how does one come to comprehend their identity in relation to a social grouping?

From social identity theory grew the similar, yet distinguished, theory of social categorization (Hogg & McGarty, 1990). Social categorization theory, developed by John Turner, unlike social identity theory, focuses more intently on the processes by which individuals come to conceptualize themselves in terms of social categories. To elaborate further, individuals possess the ability to categorize themselves in relation to others at different levels of abstraction (Hogg & McGarty, 1990). These levels include an upper level “humanity” categorization in which individuals identify themselves as related to all others through the shared connection of being human. There exists a holistic “oneness” by which one may identify with others.

More ground-level abstractions exist with in-group/out-group categorization. For instance, an individual’s self-categorization as a “Georgian” is a result of being born in the state of Georgia and having a presumed shared or common lived experience with others whom they categorize as “Georgians” as opposed to those born and habituated elsewhere.

Lastly, there exists the ability for individuals to categorize on a subordinate level. This level of categorization focuses on intragroup similarities and distinctions. Within the category of “Georgian”, there exist multiple categories overlapping and compounding to the point of individualization. Ultimately, social identification and understanding exists as a process of self-categorization (Hogg & McGarty, 1990).”